Corrección de la alta miopía con implante de lente fáquica ACR-128 / Correction of high myopia with ACR-128 phakic lens implantation

La alta miopía es aquella igual o mayor a -6 dioptrías esféricas, no en función de la curvatura corneal elevada, como es el caso del queratocono, ni por la esclerosis del cristalino que ocurre en etapas preseniles, sino en dependencia de la longitud axial mayor de 25,5 o 26,0 mm. La corrección óptica de estos defectos altos es difícil, ya que es frecuente que los pacientes se sientan incómodos con el uso de gafas, pues no obtienen una buena calidad de visión, y con el fin de mejorarla se han desarrollado distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se presenta una paciente de 26 años de edad con miopía elevada, quien no se adapta a los lentes de contacto y no desea continuar con los espejuelos; no es candidata a la cirugía refractiva corneal. Se le implantaron lentes fáquicas ACR IOL-128 (Soleko, Italia) sin complicaciones. El equivalente esférico preoperatorio -11,5 y -6 dioptrías disminuyó a -1,00 y -0,5 respectivamente, y la agudeza visual sin cristales de cuenta dedos y 0,1 a 0,8 y 0,9 respectivamente. Con este caso se evidencia que las lentes fáquicas son una opción con buenos resultados en la corrección de la alta miopía(AU)

The high myopia, by definition, is that equal or bigger to -6 spherical dioptrías; not in function of the bend high corneal, like it is the case of the queratocono, neither for the sclerosis of the crystalline lens that happens in stages preseniles, but in dependence of the axial longitude bigger than 25,5 or 26,0 mm. The optic correction of these high defects is difficult, since it is frequent that the patients feel uncomfortable with the glasses use, because they don't obtain a good quality of vision and with the purpose of improving it, different surgical procedures have been developed. Young patient 26 years old is presented with high myopia that doesn't adapt to the contact eyeglasseses and she doesn't want to continue with the espejuelos, she is not candidate to surgery refractive corneal and she is implanted eyeglasseses fáquica ACR IOL-128 (Soleko, Italy) without complications. The equivalent spherical preoperatorio -11,5 and -6 dioptrías diminish at -1,00 and - 0,5 respectively and the visual sharpness without glasses of bill fingers and 0,1 at 0,8 and 0,9 respectively. With this case it is evidenced that the lenses fáquicas are an option with good results in the correction of the high myopia(AU)

Lentes fáquicos como alternativa de tratamiento en el queratocono / Phakic lenses as a therapeutic alternative for keratoconus

El queratocono es una enfermedad degenerativa que se caracteriza por un adelgazamiento progresivo del estroma corneal y la deformidad en forma de cono de la córnea, lo cual provoca astigmatismo irregular y miopía elevada. Se realizó una revisión de artículos publicados referentes al implante de lentes intraoculares fáquicos como alternativa de tratamiento en esta entidad, la cual continúa siendo de difícil manejo en la actualidad. En ametropías con alto componente esférico y cilíndrico, el uso de lente fáquico tórico mostró óptimos resultados visuales. De igual modo el uso de lentes de soporte angular "estira" la córnea y achata el área apical central a través de sus hápticas, con lo que reduce la ectasia corneal y el astigmatismo irregular asimétrico. A su vez, la presencia del lente intraocular entre la pupila y la córnea crea una barrera física que evita la acción de la corriente de humor acuoso contra la córnea y, por consiguiente, hay una estabilización de todos los parámetros de la córnea después de la implantación del lente. La literatura reporta combinación de implantes de lentes fáquicos posterior a anillos intraestromales y crosslinking con un excelente resultado funcional: incrementa en forma importante la agudeza visual sin corrección, mejora las topografías corneales y las aberraciones de alto orden y disminuye la posibilidad de requerir un trasplante de córnea. El uso de lentes fáquicos tóricos en queratoconos estables es una alternativa terapéutica válida como tratamiento de la ametropía que acompa­ña a esta patología.

Keratoconus is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive decrease in corneal stroma thickness and cone-shaped deformity of the cornea, with irregular astigmatism and high myopia. A literature review was made on the use of phakic intraocular lens implants as an alternative treatment of this disease, which remains difficult to be managed at present. In treating ametropias with high spherical and cylindrical component, the use of toric phakic lenses showed optimal visual results. Similarly, the use of angle-supported lenses «stretches¼ the cornea and flattens the central apical area through the haptics, thus decreasing the corneal ectasia, irregular asymmetric astigmatism. The presence of an intraocular lens between the pupil and the cornea creates a physical barrier to avoid the action of aqueous humor against the cornea and allows stabilization of all the corneal parameters after intraocular lens implantation. There are reports about the combination of phakic lens implants after intra stromal rings and crosslinking, with excellent functional results since it increases the uncorrected visual acuity, improves the corneal topography, high order aberrations and reduces the possibilities of corneal transplant. The use of toric phakic lenses in stable keratoconus is a valid therapeutic choice as treatment of the ametropia present in this pathology.

Progression of age related maculopathy in phakic versus pseudophakic eyes.

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is one of the leading causes of central visual acuity loss in older western population. Many factors are responsible for the fast development of ARM. One of this is significant increases of optical radiations through artificial lens after removal of the catarctous lens. The aim of this study was to compare progression of ARM in phakic and pseudophakic patients and to calculate the possibility ofpseudophakia as a risk factor for faster progression of ARM. Medical records of 76 patients, older than 60 years (32 male and 44 female) with early forms of ARM were randomly evaluated. They had undergone cataract removal by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation from January 2002 to December 2006 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rijeka University Hospital, Croatia. Patients were examined two weeks after the surgery and followed up for two years. The control group consisted of 48 patients (21 males and 27 females) with also early forms of ARM, older than 60 years, examined at the Policlinic Department from January 2006 to December 2006 and followed up at least for two years without any cataract surgery. Comparing progression of ARM in these two groups, a total of 19 patients (25%) in pseudophakic group showed progression to late forms of ARM, but only 6 patients (12.5 %) in the control group developed these aggressive ARM forms. More aggressive forms of ARM in pseudophakic group indicate that pseudophakia should be considered as a risk factor for development of ARM.